DC Mixer and Amplifier

2.5 GHz Frequency Counter with Blue 2×16 LCD display

This project explain a very powerful frequency counter which has many useful software functions.
The software can add or subtract 3 different IF frequencies (±455 kHz ,±10.7 MHz and ±21.4 MHz).
You have also two level of resolutions, 1kHz and 100Hz.
The main oscillator can be on-board 13MHz or external 10 MHz.
The counter data can easy be transmitted to computer with RS232 cable (software below)
The construction is extremely simple and the unit is very small.
This project comes in a KIT version, se more details below.

Background
Once again, It is time to update the frequency counter.
A frequency counter is one of the most important measuring tool we need as homebrew’s of RF electronic.
This frequency counter has very high performance and still is very easy to build and to use.
Anyone can build it and have a professional frequency measuring tool.
The counter is based around a LCD display with 2 lines and 16 chars.
I have used a HD44780 based display which is very common.
A PIC16F870 circuit controls all counting and display functions.
A prescaler is added to make it possible to measure up to 2.5GHz with high sensitivity.

The Display Module Size (W x H x T): 80mm X 36mm.
The controller PCB has the same size. This makes the unit very small and slim.

In the menu system of this frequency counter, you can choose between two reference frequencies.

·On-board 13.000MHz crystal (picture at right), or

·External 10.000MHz signal.
The reason of using a external 10.000 MHz reference frequency is because it is common among reference oscillators, as HP Z3801 GPS locked frequency source. 2.5 GHz Frequency Counter with Blue 2×16 LCD display,

LM1875 – POWER AMPLIFIER 20 WATT

The LM1875 is a monolithic power amplifier offering very low distortion and high quality performance for consumer audio applications.
The LM1875 delivers 20 watts into a 4Ω or 8Ω load on ±25V supplies. Using an 8 load and ±30V supplies, over 30 watts of power may be delivered. The amplifier is designed to operate with a minimum of external components. Device overload protection consists of both internal current limit and thermal shutdown.
The LM1875 design takes advantage of advanced circuit techniques and processing to achieve extremely low distortion levels even at high output power levels. Other outstanding features include high gain, fast slew rate and a wide power bandwidth, large output voltage swing, high current capability, and a very wide supply range. The amplifier is internally compensated and stable for gains of 10 or greater.
Features
• Up to 30 watts output power
• AVO typically 90 dB
• Low distortion: 0.015%, 1 kHz, 20 W
• Wide power bandwidth: 70 kHz
• Protection for AC and DC short circuits to ground
• Thermal protection with parole circuit
• High current capability: 4A
• Wide supply range 16V-60V
• Internal output protection diodes
• 94 dB ripple rejection
• Plastic power package TO-220

LM1875 – POWER AMPLIFIER 20 WATT,

Led Oscilloscope circuits

It uses a matrix of 100 LED’s for a display, and does suffer from being slow and having rather poor resolution. Still we could display a sine wave running at 500Hz without trouble, that that’s not all that dissimilar to commercial solid state oscilloscopes.
The circuit displays an understanding of the mechanics of displaying an analogue waveform. The timebase is simply a LM555 generating a horizontal sweep, while the vertical amplifier is LM3914 with a trimmer pot on the front. It’s extremely simple, but it works.
The LED’s are multiplexed by a 4017 driven by the timebase. This arrangement reduces the current requirements considerably, no mean consideration when operating from the power supply of the device under test.
With a device like this, making the unit as small as possible is obviously a consideration. Katz decided to make his own box out of perspex so that he could make it just as big as the circuit board, and no bigger. He was also able to give the thing a fancy shape rather like a bought one.
On the basis that this project had the highest combination of imagination, design ingenuity, construction and documentation, we made it the national winner.
You can see the circuit for this project on page 108 of The Forrest Mims Engineer’sNotebook. It’s published by LLH Technology Publishing (formerly High Text Publications) and is under $ 20.00. The ISBN number is 1-878707-03-5. This a 8.5″x11″ soft cover manual. This book is full of circuits that the electronics hobbyist will want to try, using many common components. The circuit for this scope was published in August of 1979 in Popular Electronics magazine too, with more details than the book goes into.
The part list:
PC Board (shown is RS 276-147, 4.5″x6.25″)
14 pin dip IC socket
16 pin dip IC socket
20 pin dip IC socket (for the 18 pin LM3914)
100 Red LEDs
LM3914 Dot/Bar Display Driver
4011 Quad Nand Gate
4017 Decade Counter/Divider
100K trimmer pot
1K trimmer pot
SPDT switch
1K resistor
0.1μf capacitor
9V battery
9V battery snap
small amount of wire, bus wire, & solder
I really didn’t have anything else better to do when I spent a day bending LED legs over to make this very limited o-scope. I built a tiny function generator board to play with the o-scope more, and I tried this board out with a commercial function generator– it worked ok. You are not going to see anything like what you’ll find on a commercial oscilloscope, but you will be able to pick out a square wave or sine wave.
If you’ve ever thought about building such a circuit and wasn’t sure how to go about it, I hope seeing this will help. My board is a bit oversized for the project, as you can see. If I had upped the LED count to 500 or so, I might have decent resolution, but I’d need a bigger board too! What I really use this for is watching audio output, kind of a funky looking bar graph type display. I’ve changed some values and added a resistor and a couple caps that weren’t in the original schematic, but my board follows the book fairly closely.
So, if you happen to have a hundred LED’s laying around that you don’t know what to do with…here’s the project for you!

Led Oscilloscope circuits,